Fire Characteristics of Building Materials

Fire Characteristics of Building Materials

The fire characteristics of building materials are mainly combustion performance, fire resistance limit, toxicity and smoke generation during combustion.

The combustion performance of building materials is divided into four levels, namely Class A is non-combustible materials, Class B1 is flame-retardant materials, Class B2 is flammable materials, and Class B3 is flammable materials.

The significance of building materials with different levels of combustion performance:

1. Non-combustible building materials: when exposed to fire or high temperature in the air, it will not be fired, not slightly combustible, or carbonized. Such as marble.

2. Flame-retardant building materials: When exposed to fire or high temperature in the air, they are difficult to ignite, slightly combust, or carbonize. When the fire source is removed, the combustion or slight combustion stops immediately. Such as gypsum board, fiber gypsum board, phenolic plastic, etc.

3. Flammable building materials: When exposed to fire or high temperature in the air, it will catch fire or slightly combust immediately, and it will continue to burn or slightly combust after the fire source is removed. Such as natural wood, polyethylene plastic products, etc.

4. Combustibility building materials: When exposed to fire or high temperature in the air, it will catch fire immediately, and the flame will spread quickly. Such as plexiglass, celluloid, foam plastic, etc.

5. Thermal insulation material: The thermal insulation performance of the material is mainly determined by the thermal conductivity. In addition to the low thermal conductivity, the thermal insulation material must have appropriate strength, fire resistance, corrosion resistance, and low moisture absorption.

According to the material, it can be divided into three categories: inorganic thermal insulation materials, organic thermal insulation materials and metal thermal insulation materials.